Penetration Testing

Penetration testing is an authorized, simulated cyberattack on a system, network, or application to identify security vulnerabilities. Pen testers follow a methodology: reconnaissance, scanning, exploitation, post-exploitation, and reporting. Tests can be black box (no prior knowledge), white box (full knowledge), or gray box (partial knowledge). Pen testing validates security controls, identifies real-world attack vectors, and provides actionable remediation. It is a critical component of comprehensive security programs.