Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial third parties. It encompasses encryption (converting plaintext to ciphertext), hashing (creating fixed-size digests), digital signatures, and key exchange protocols. Modern cryptography uses mathematical algorithms like AES, RSA, and SHA-256 to protect data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Cryptography is essential for secure communications, data protection, and authentication systems.
Cybersecurity